Can Agents Run It? · evidence — Issue 1: Supabase

claude-opus-5 · d1_rls_owner · rep 1

pass
model
claude-opus-5
task
d1_rls_owner
rep
1
day
1
steps
18
tokens
74,184
est. cost
$0.890
agent time
114s
wave
s4b
started
2026-07-25T05:39:44Z

The task as the agent received it

You have operator access to a hosted Supabase project. Credentials are in environment variables: SUPABASE_URL, SUPABASE_PROJECT_REF, SUPABASE_ANON_KEY, SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY, SUPABASE_DB_URL, SUPABASE_DB_PASSWORD. The project has a public.notes table (id, user_id references auth.users, title, body) that currently exposes every user's notes to anyone through the REST API. Lock it down to owner-only access: - an authenticated user must be able to read, insert, update and delete ONLY rows where user_id equals their own auth user id; - a user must NOT be able to insert a row with someone else's user_id; - anonymous (anon key only) requests must see no rows; - legitimate owners must keep working through the REST API — do not break their access path. Two existing users for your own testing: alice@cari.dev / Passw0rd-alice-42 and bob@cari.dev / Passw0rd-bob-58. Each currently owns 2 notes. Do not modify the data.

What it ran — 18 commands

#1exit 0
env | grep -i supa | sed 's/=.*/=<set>/'
SUPABASE_DB_PASSWORD=<set>
SUPABASE_DB_URL=<set>
SUPABASE_URL=<set>
SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY=<set>
SUPABASE_PROJECT_REF=<set>
SUPABASE_ANON_KEY=<set>
#2exit 0
which psql curl jq python3 2>&1; psql --version 2>&1
/usr/bin/psql
/usr/bin/curl
/usr/bin/jq
/usr/bin/python3
psql (PostgreSQL) 18.4 (Debian 18.4-1.pgdg12+1)
#3exit 0
psql "$SUPABASE_DB_URL" -c "\d public.notes" 2>&1
                            Table "public.notes"
 Column  |  Type  | Collation | Nullable |             Default              
---------+--------+-----------+----------+----------------------------------
 id      | bigint |           | not null | generated by default as identity
 user_id | uuid   |           | not null | 
 title   | text   |           | not null | 
 body    | text   |           | not null | ''::text
Indexes:
    "notes_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
Foreign-key constraints:
    "notes_user_id_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES auth.users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE

#4exit 0
psql "$SUPABASE_DB_URL" -c "select relname, relrowsecurity, relforcerowsecurity from pg_class where oid='public.notes'::regclass;" -c "select * from pg_policies where schemaname='public' and tablename='notes';" 2>&1
 relname | relrowsecurity | relforcerowsecurity 
---------+----------------+---------------------
 notes   | f              | f
(1 row)

 schemaname | tablename | policyname | permissive | roles | cmd | qual | with_check 
------------+-----------+------------+------------+-------+-----+------+------------
(0 rows)

#5exit 0
psql "$SUPABASE_DB_URL" -c "select grantee, privilege_type from information_schema.role_table_grants where table_schema='public' and table_name='notes' order by grantee, privilege_type;" 2>&1
    grantee    | privilege_type 
---------------+----------------
 anon          | DELETE
 anon          | INSERT
 anon          | REFERENCES
 anon          | SELECT
 anon          | TRIGGER
 anon          | TRUNCATE
 anon          | UPDATE
 authenticated | DELETE
 authenticated | INSERT
 authenticated | REFERENCES
 authenticated | SELECT
 authenticated | TRIGGER
 authenticated | TRUNCATE
 authenticated | UPDATE
 postgres      | DELETE
 postgres      | INSERT
 postgres      | REFERENCES
 postgres      | SELECT
 postgres      | TRIGGER
 postgres      | TRUNCATE
 postgres      | UPDATE
 service_role  | DELETE
 service_role  | INSERT
 service_role  | REFERENCES
 service_role  | SELECT
 service_role  | TRIGGER
 service_role  | TRUNCATE
 service_role  | UPDATE
(28 rows)

#6exit 0
psql "$SUPABASE_DB_URL" -c "select id, email from auth.users order by email;" -c "select id, user_id, title from public.notes order by id;" 2>&1
                  id                  |     email      
--------------------------------------+----------------
 6fd55940-13c6-44ed-a003-5e895df8f162 | alice@cari.dev
 48b72504-f494-4c0b-9c9c-cb48020b7f21 | bob@cari.dev
(2 rows)

 id |               user_id                |    title     
----+--------------------------------------+--------------
  1 | 6fd55940-13c6-44ed-a003-5e895df8f162 | Groceries
  2 | 6fd55940-13c6-44ed-a003-5e895df8f162 | Call plumber
  3 | 48b72504-f494-4c0b-9c9c-cb48020b7f21 | Gym plan
  4 | 48b72504-f494-4c0b-9c9c-cb48020b7f21 | Trip ideas
(4 rows)

#7exit 0
curl -s "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes?select=id,user_id,title" -H "apikey: $SUPABASE_ANON_KEY" -H "Authorization: Bearer $SUPABASE_ANON_KEY" | jq -c .
[{"id":1,"user_id":"6fd55940-13c6-44ed-a003-5e895df8f162","title":"Groceries"},{"id":2,"user_id":"6fd55940-13c6-44ed-a003-5e895df8f162","title":"Call plumber"},{"id":3,"user_id":"48b72504-f494-4c0b-9c9c-cb48020b7f21","title":"Gym plan"},{"id":4,"user_id":"48b72504-f494-4c0b-9c9c-cb48020b7f21","title":"Trip ideas"}]
#8exit 0
psql "$SUPABASE_DB_URL" -c "select proname, prosecdef from pg_proc p join pg_namespace n on n.oid=p.pronamespace where n.nspname='public';" -c "select c.relname, c.relkind from pg_class c join pg_namespace n on n.oid=c.relnamespace where n.nspname='public';" 2>&1
 proname | prosecdef 
---------+-----------
(0 rows)

   relname    | relkind 
--------------+---------
 notes_id_seq | S
 notes_pkey   | i
 notes        | r
(3 rows)

#9exit 0
cat > /tmp/fix.sql <<'SQL'
begin;

alter table public.notes enable row level security;
-- ensure even a table-owner/superuser-adjacent role can't bypass silently in future
alter table public.notes force row level security;

drop policy if exists notes_select_own on public.notes;
drop policy if exists notes_insert_own on public.notes;
drop policy if exists notes_update_own on public.notes;
drop policy if exists notes_delete_own on public.notes;

create policy notes_select_own on public.notes
  for select to authenticated
  using (user_id = (select auth.uid()));

create policy notes_insert_own on public.notes
  for insert to authenticated
  with check (user_id = (select auth.uid()));

create policy notes_update_own on public.notes
  for update to authenticated
  using (user_id = (select auth.uid()))
  with check (user_id = (select auth.uid()));

create policy notes_delete_own on public.notes
  for delete to authenticated
  using (user_id = (select auth.uid()));

-- anon gets no policies at all => no rows, and revoke write privileges outright
revoke all on public.notes from anon;
revoke all on sequence public.notes_id_seq from anon;

-- owners reach the table through PostgREST as `authenticated`; keep DML grants
grant select, insert, update, delete on public.notes to authenticated;
grant usage, select on sequence public.notes_id_seq to authenticated;

commit;
SQL
psql "$SUPABASE_DB_URL" -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 -f /tmp/fix.sql 2>&1
BEGIN
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE
psql:/tmp/fix.sql:7: NOTICE:  policy "notes_select_own" for relation "public.notes" does not exist, skipping
DROP POLICY
psql:/tmp/fix.sql:8: NOTICE:  policy "notes_insert_own" for relation "public.notes" does not exist, skipping
DROP POLICY
psql:/tmp/fix.sql:9: NOTICE:  policy "notes_update_own" for relation "public.notes" does not exist, skipping
DROP POLICY
psql:/tmp/fix.sql:10: NOTICE:  policy "notes_delete_own" for relation "public.notes" does not exist, skipping
DROP POLICY
CREATE POLICY
CREATE POLICY
CREATE POLICY
CREATE POLICY
REVOKE
REVOKE
GRANT
GRANT
COMMIT
#10exit 0
psql "$SUPABASE_DB_URL" -c "select tableowner from pg_tables where tablename='notes';" -c "select rolname, rolbypassrls, rolsuper from pg_roles where rolname in ('postgres','service_role','authenticated','anon');" 2>&1
 tableowner 
------------
 postgres
(1 row)

    rolname    | rolbypassrls | rolsuper 
---------------+--------------+----------
 authenticated | f            | f
 anon          | f            | f
 service_role  | t            | f
 postgres      | t            | f
(4 rows)

#11exit 0
curl -s "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes?select=id,title" -H "apikey: $SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY" -H "Authorization: Bearer $SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY" | jq -c .
[{"id":1,"title":"Groceries"},{"id":2,"title":"Call plumber"},{"id":3,"title":"Gym plan"},{"id":4,"title":"Trip ideas"}]
#12exit 0
cd /tmp
for u in alice bob; do
  case $u in alice) e=alice@cari.dev; p=Passw0rd-alice-42;; bob) e=bob@cari.dev; p=Passw0rd-bob-58;; esac
  curl -s "$SUPABASE_URL/auth/v1/token?grant_type=password" -H "apikey: $SUPABASE_ANON_KEY" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "{\"email\":\"$e\",\"password\":\"$p\"}" > $u.json
  jq -r '.access_token' $u.json > $u.jwt
  echo "$u token_len=$(wc -c < $u.jwt) sub=$(cut -d. -f2 < $u.jwt | tr '_-' '/+' | base64 -d 2>/dev/null | jq -r '.sub,.role' | tr '\n' ' ')"
done
alice token_len=792 sub=6fd55940-13c6-44ed-a003-5e895df8f162 authenticated 
bob token_len=789 sub=48b72504-f494-4c0b-9c9c-cb48020b7f21 authenticated 
#13exit 0
cd /tmp
A=$(cat alice.jwt); B=$(cat bob.jwt)
echo "== anon SELECT (want []) =="
curl -s "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes?select=id,title" -H "apikey: $SUPABASE_ANON_KEY" -H "Authorization: Bearer $SUPABASE_ANON_KEY" | jq -c .
echo "== alice SELECT (want ids 1,2) =="
curl -s "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes?select=id,user_id,title" -H "apikey: $SUPABASE_ANON_KEY" -H "Authorization: Bearer $A" | jq -c '[.[]|.id]'
echo "== bob SELECT (want ids 3,4) =="
curl -s "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes?select=id,user_id,title" -H "apikey: $SUPABASE_ANON_KEY" -H "Authorization: Bearer $B" | jq -c '[.[]|.id]'
echo "== alice tries to read bob's note id=3 (want []) =="
curl -s "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes?select=id,title&id=eq.3" -H "apikey: $SUPABASE_ANON_KEY" -H "Authorization: Bearer $A" | jq -c .
== anon SELECT (want []) ==
{"code":"42501","details":null,"hint":"Grant the required privileges to the current role with: GRANT SELECT ON public.notes TO anon;","message":"permission denied for table notes"}
== alice SELECT (want ids 1,2) ==
[1,2]
== bob SELECT (want ids 3,4) ==
[3,4]
== alice tries to read bob's note id=3 (want []) ==
[]
#14exit 0
psql "$SUPABASE_DB_URL" -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 -c "grant select on public.notes to anon;" 2>&1
echo "--- anon SELECT now (want []) ---"
curl -s "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes?select=id,title" -H "apikey: $SUPABASE_ANON_KEY" -H "Authorization: Bearer $SUPABASE_ANON_KEY" | jq -c .
GRANT
--- anon SELECT now (want []) ---
[]
#15exit 0
cd /tmp
A=$(cat alice.jwt); B=$(cat bob.jwt)
ALICE=6fd55940-13c6-44ed-a003-5e895df8f162; BOB=48b72504-f494-4c0b-9c9c-cb48020b7f21
H="-H apikey:$SUPABASE_ANON_KEY -H Content-Type:application/json"

echo "== 1. alice INSERT with BOB's user_id (want DENY) =="
curl -s -o r1 -w "http=%{http_code}\n" -X POST "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes" $H -H "Authorization: Bearer $A" -d "{\"user_id\":\"$BOB\",\"title\":\"spoofed\",\"body\":\"x\"}"; cat r1|jq -c '{code,message}' 2>/dev/null||cat r1

echo "== 2. alice INSERT own user_id (want ALLOW) =="
curl -s -o r2 -w "http=%{http_code}\n" -X POST "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes" $H -H "Prefer: return=representation" -H "Authorization: Bearer $A" -d "{\"user_id\":\"$ALICE\",\"title\":\"tmp-probe\",\"body\":\"x\"}"; cat r2|jq -c .

echo "== 3. anon INSERT (want DENY) =="
curl -s -o r3 -w "http=%{http_code}\n" -X POST "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes" $H -H "Authorization: Bearer $SUPABASE_ANON_KEY" -d "{\"user_id\":\"$ALICE\",\"title\":\"anon\",\"body\":\"x\"}"; cat r3|jq -c '{code,message}' 2>/dev/null||cat r3
== 1. alice INSERT with BOB's user_id (want DENY) ==
http=403
{"code":"42501","message":"new row violates row-level security policy for table \"notes\""}
== 2. alice INSERT own user_id (want ALLOW) ==
http=201
[{"id":6,"user_id":"6fd55940-13c6-44ed-a003-5e895df8f162","title":"tmp-probe","body":"x"}]
== 3. anon INSERT (want DENY) ==
http=401
{"code":"42501","message":"permission denied for table notes"}
#16exit 0
cd /tmp
A=$(cat alice.jwt); B=$(cat bob.jwt)
BOB=48b72504-f494-4c0b-9c9c-cb48020b7f21
H="-H apikey:$SUPABASE_ANON_KEY -H Content-Type:application/json"

echo "== 4. alice UPDATE bob's note id=3 (want 0 rows affected) =="
curl -s -X PATCH "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes?id=eq.3" $H -H "Prefer: return=representation" -H "Authorization: Bearer $A" -d '{"title":"HACKED"}' | jq -c .

echo "== 5. alice UPDATE own probe row (want ALLOW) =="
curl -s -X PATCH "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes?id=eq.6" $H -H "Prefer: return=representation" -H "Authorization: Bearer $A" -d '{"title":"tmp-probe-updated"}' | jq -c .

echo "== 6. alice tries to REASSIGN own row to bob (want DENY) =="
curl -s -o r6 -w "http=%{http_code}\n" -X PATCH "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes?id=eq.6" $H -H "Authorization: Bearer $A" -d "{\"user_id\":\"$BOB\"}"; cat r6|jq -c '{code,message}' 2>/dev/null||cat r6

echo "== 7. alice DELETE bob's note id=4 (want 0 rows) =="
curl -s -X DELETE "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes?id=eq.4" $H -H "Prefer: return=representation" -H "Authorization: Bearer $A" | jq -c .

echo "== 8. anon DELETE all (want DENY) =="
curl -s -o r8 -w "http=%{http_code}\n" -X DELETE "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes?id=gt.0" $H -H "Authorization: Bearer $SUPABASE_ANON_KEY"; cat r8|jq -c '{code,message}' 2>/dev/null||cat r8

echo "== 9. alice DELETE own probe row (want ALLOW, cleanup) =="
curl -s -X DELETE "$SUPABASE_URL/rest/v1/notes?id=eq.6" $H -H "Prefer: return=representation" -H "Authorization: Bearer $A" | jq -c .
== 4. alice UPDATE bob's note id=3 (want 0 rows affected) ==
[]
== 5. alice UPDATE own probe row (want ALLOW) ==
[{"id":6,"user_id":"6fd55940-13c6-44ed-a003-5e895df8f162","title":"tmp-probe-updated","body":"x"}]
== 6. alice tries to REASSIGN own row to bob (want DENY) ==
http=403
{"code":"42501","message":"new row violates row-level security policy for table \"notes\""}
== 7. alice DELETE bob's note id=4 (want 0 rows) ==
[]
== 8. anon DELETE all (want DENY) ==
http=401
{"code":"42501","message":"permission denied for table notes"}
== 9. alice DELETE own probe row (want ALLOW, cleanup) ==
[{"id":6,"user_id":"6fd55940-13c6-44ed-a003-5e895df8f162","title":"tmp-probe-updated","body":"x"}]
#17exit 0
psql "$SUPABASE_DB_URL" -c "select id, user_id, title, body from public.notes order by id;" -c "select count(*) as total from public.notes;" 2>&1
 id |               user_id                |    title     |         body         
----+--------------------------------------+--------------+----------------------
  1 | 6fd55940-13c6-44ed-a003-5e895df8f162 | Groceries    | milk, eggs, coffee
  2 | 6fd55940-13c6-44ed-a003-5e895df8f162 | Call plumber | kitchen sink leaks
  3 | 48b72504-f494-4c0b-9c9c-cb48020b7f21 | Gym plan     | push pull legs
  4 | 48b72504-f494-4c0b-9c9c-cb48020b7f21 | Trip ideas   | mountains in october
(4 rows)

 total 
-------
     4
(1 row)

#18exit 0
psql "$SUPABASE_DB_URL" -c "select relrowsecurity as rls_enabled, relforcerowsecurity as rls_forced from pg_class where oid='public.notes'::regclass;" -c "select policyname, cmd, roles, qual, with_check from pg_policies where tablename='notes' order by cmd;" -c "select grantee, string_agg(privilege_type,',' order by privilege_type) privs from information_schema.role_table_grants where table_name='notes' and grantee in ('anon','authenticated') group by grantee;" 2>&1
 rls_enabled | rls_forced 
-------------+------------
 t           | t
(1 row)

    policyname    |  cmd   |      roles      |                  qual                   |               with_check                
------------------+--------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
 notes_delete_own | DELETE | {authenticated} | (user_id = ( SELECT auth.uid() AS uid)) | 
 notes_insert_own | INSERT | {authenticated} |                                         | (user_id = ( SELECT auth.uid() AS uid))
 notes_select_own | SELECT | {authenticated} | (user_id = ( SELECT auth.uid() AS uid)) | 
 notes_update_own | UPDATE | {authenticated} | (user_id = ( SELECT auth.uid() AS uid)) | (user_id = ( SELECT auth.uid() AS uid))
(4 rows)

    grantee    |                          privs                          
---------------+---------------------------------------------------------
 anon          | SELECT
 authenticated | DELETE,INSERT,REFERENCES,SELECT,TRIGGER,TRUNCATE,UPDATE
(2 rows)

What it said at the end

Original data is intact (4 rows, unchanged titles/bodies/owners). The lockdown is complete and verified. ## Summary **Problem:** `public.notes` had RLS disabled and full `SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE` grants to both `anon` and `authenticated`, so anyone with the public anon key could read, modify, or delete every user's notes. I confirmed the leak first — the anon key returned all 4 rows. **Fix applied:** 1. **Enabled RLS** on `public.notes` (plus `FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY` for defense-in-depth; verified safe since `postgres`/`service_role` have `rolbypassrls`, so admin/backend access is unaffected). 2. **Four per-command policies** scoped to the `authenticated` role, each matching `user_id = (select auth.uid())`: - `SELECT`/`DELETE` — `USING` clause restricts visible/removable rows to the owner's. - `INSERT` — `WITH CHECK` blocks writing a row under someone else's `user_id`. - `UPDATE` — both `USING` **and** `WITH CHECK`, so a user can't edit others' rows *nor* reassign their own row to another user. `auth.uid()` is wrapped in a `SELECT` so it evaluates once per query instead of per row. 3. **Revoked write privileges from `anon`** (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/TRUNCATE), while deliberately **keeping `SELECT`**. This was a judgment call worth flagging: revoking anon's SELECT entirely caused PostgREST to return a `42501 "permission denied for table notes"` error. Since RLS grants `anon` no policies, keeping the SELECT grant produces a clean empty array `[]` instead — which better matches the "see no rows" requirement and avoids leaking schema details through error text. 4. **Preserved the owner access path** — `authenticated` keeps its DML grants and sequence usage, so legitimate REST API users work exactly as before. **Verified end-to-end** against the live REST API using real password-grant JWTs for both users: | Test | Result | |---|---| | anon SELECT | `[]` (was all 4 rows) | | alice / bob SELECT | only own ids `[1,2]` / `[3,4]` | | alice reads bob's row directly | `[]` | | alice INSERT with bob's `user_id` | **403** blocked | | alice INSERT own `user_id` | **201** works | | alice reassigns own row to bob | **403** blocked | | alice UPDATE / DELETE bob's rows | 0 rows affected | | alice UPDATE / DELETE own row | works | | anon INSERT / DELETE | **401** denied | | service_role | full access retained | **Data untouched:** the one temporary probe row I created was deleted; the table still holds exactly the original 4 rows with unchanged owners, titles, and bodies.

12 earlier narration turn(s) are in the raw transcript.

How it was graded

A shell script executed against the live project and asserted on the state the agent left behind. No model judged another model.

exit 0 OK

Check it yourself

Raw transcript · Task definition and verifier · Every attempt